2916.31 - Benzoic acid, its salts and esters:

This HTS category encompasses benzoic acid, its salts, and its esters. Benzoic acid is a simple aromatic carboxylic acid characterized by a carboxyl group attached to a benzene ring. Its salts are formed by the reaction of benzoic acid with a base, resulting in anionic benzoate species coupled with cations. Esters of benzoic acid are derived through the esterification reaction between benzoic acid and an alcohol. These compounds find broad applications as preservatives, in the production of plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, and as intermediates in the synthesis of other organic chemicals.

Distinguishing this category from its siblings is crucial for accurate classification. Specifically, it differs from 2916.32, which covers benzoyl peroxide and benzoyl chloride, distinct chemical entities with different reactive properties and uses. It also differs from 2916.34, which is dedicated to phenylacetic acid and its salts, a different aromatic carboxylic acid with a distinct structure. The catch-all category 2916.39 is reserved for any aromatic monocarboxylic acids, their derivatives, not specifically enumerated elsewhere.

Within this category, further subdivisions exist to refine classification based on the specific form of the compound. The subcategory 2916.31.11 explicitly covers benzoic acid and its salts, providing a clear destination for these common forms. The subsequent subdivision, indicated by a blank HTS code, is for "Other" and would encompass the various esters of benzoic acid, allowing for granular classification based on the alcohol component of the ester.