8501.31 - Of an output not exceeding 750 W:

This HTS classification covers DC motors and DC generators whose electrical output does not exceed 750 Watts. These are distinct from other categories within heading 8501 based on their power output. This includes a wide range of smaller electric motors used in various applications, such as in portable electronics, small appliances, automotive components, and general industrial equipment where significant power is not required. The classification hinges specifically on the continuous or rated output power of the device.

This category is differentiated from its siblings by its limited power capacity. For instance, 8501.32 covers devices with an output exceeding 750 W but not exceeding 75 kW, representing a significantly higher power range. Similarly, categories 8501.33 and 8501.34 encompass even larger output capacities. Therefore, the precise measurement of a DC motor or generator's output power is the critical factor for distinguishing this sub-heading.

Within this sub-heading, further distinctions are made. The primary subdivision is between motors and generators. While both operate on DC principles, motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and generators perform the reverse function. Generators, specifically, are further classified under code 8501.31.81.00, highlighting the functional difference within this low-power output bracket.