8485 - Machines for additive manufacturing:

This HTS category, 8485, specifically covers machines designed for additive manufacturing. These are sophisticated devices that build three-dimensional objects layer by layer, commonly referred to as 3D printers. The defining characteristic is the process of deposition, fusion, or solidification of material guided by digital design data to create an object from the ground up, rather than by subtractive or formative manufacturing methods.

Within the broader scope of Section XVI, Chapter 84, which encompasses a vast array of machinery and mechanical appliances, HTS 8485 stands apart by its focus on this modern manufacturing technology. Unlike traditional machinery covered in other headings of Chapter 84, the core function here is the creation of complex geometries directly from digital models, irrespective of the specific materials used.

The subcategories within 8485 further refine classification based on the primary method of material deposition. This includes machines utilizing metal deposition (8485.10), plastics or rubber deposition (8485.20), and those employing plaster, cement, ceramics, or glass (8485.30). The "Other" category (8485.80) serves as a catch-all for additive manufacturing machines not fitting the specific material deposition methods outlined, while 8485.90 is reserved for parts of these machines. This granular breakdown allows for precise tariff application based on the technical operation and material handling capabilities of each additive manufacturing system.