8461.20 - Shaping or slotting machines:

This HTS category, 8461.20, encompasses shaping or slotting machines. These are machine tools designed for metalworking operations that produce flat surfaces, grooves, keyways, or other shapes by means of a reciprocating cutting tool. Shaping machines typically operate with a horizontal ram that moves the cutting tool back and forth, while slotting machines utilize a vertical ram for creating internal shapes or slots. The primary function involves the removal of material through linear cutting actions.

Distinguishing this category from its siblings, 8461.30 covers broaching machines, which use a multi-tooth cutting tool that moves in a single pass to create a desired profile. Sibling category 8461.40 pertains to machines specifically for cutting, grinding, or finishing gears, a specialized operation. 8461.50 covers sawing or cutting-off machines, which use a blade or abrasive disc to sever material. Therefore, 8461.20 is distinct in its use of a single-point or multi-point cutting tool moving reciprocally to shape the workpiece.

Within 8461.20, further subdivisions exist to refine classification based on control systems and other operational characteristics. The subcategory 8461.20.40 specifically addresses numerically controlled (NC) shaping and slotting machines, indicating those equipped with automated systems for precise movement and operation. The remaining machines fall under the "Other" subcategory 8461.20.80, which includes manually operated or conventionally controlled shaping and slotting machines.