8456.12.10 - For working metal

This category encompasses machine tools designed for working metal through the removal of material. Specifically, it covers machinery that utilizes laser or other light or photon beam processes to achieve this material removal. This includes, but is not limited to, laser cutting machines, laser engraving machines, and photo-chemical machining equipment when applied to metal substrates for the purpose of shaping, cutting, or surface modification.

The distinguishing feature of this classification is the specific method of material removal employed. Unlike sibling categories that might focus on other energy-based removal processes (such as ultrasonic or electro-discharge machining), this subcategory is strictly limited to those employing light-based energy sources. The "other light or photon beam processes" designation clarifies that while lasers are a primary example, other related technologies that utilize photon beams for material ablation or removal on metal are also included, provided they are not explicitly covered elsewhere.

Within this classification, further distinctions are made based on the level of automation. The subcategory "Numerically controlled" (8456.12.10.10) applies to machines programmed and operated by computer numerical control (CNC) systems, offering high precision and repeatability. The "Other" subcategory (8456.12.10.50) captures machines that operate by laser or other light or photon beam processes but are not numerically controlled, typically requiring more manual operation or simpler control mechanisms.