8428.70.00.00 - Industrial robots

HTS Code 8428.70.00.00 specifically classifies "Industrial robots." This category encompasses automated machines designed for use in manufacturing, assembly, or other industrial processes. These robots are characterized by their programmed manipulation of objects or tools, often involving complex movements and the ability to adapt to different tasks. They are distinct from other lifting and handling machinery by their inherent programmability and their primary function of performing repetitive or intricate tasks autonomously.

While other categories within heading 8428 cover more conventional lifting and conveying equipment, industrial robots (8428.70.00.00) are defined by their advanced automation and manipulative capabilities. For instance, elevators and conveyors (8428.10, 8428.20, and 8428.30) are designed for the continuous or intermittent movement of goods between different levels or locations. Similarly, escalators and moving walkways (8428.40) facilitate passenger movement. Teleferics and ski lifts (8428.60) are specialized for transporting people or goods over significant inclines or distances. In contrast, industrial robots are versatile robotic systems capable of complex tasks such as welding, painting, pick-and-place operations, and assembly, often with the addition of specialized end-effectors.

As a leaf node within the HTS structure, 8428.70.00.00 does not have further subcategories. Therefore, classification within this code relies on confirming the item meets the definition of an industrial robot as understood in the context of automated industrial machinery. Key considerations for classification include the robot's articulated arm structure, its control system's programmability, and its intended use within an industrial production environment.