8412 - Other engines and motors, and parts thereof:
Sub-classifications
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8412 1000
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8412 1000 10
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8412 80
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8412 90
Overview
Category 8412 encompasses a broad range of "other engines and motors" that do not fall under more specific classifications within Chapter 84. This category primarily deals with prime movers, excluding those driven by steam, internal combustion, or electricity when those are the defining characteristics. Goods classified here are designed to convert various forms of energy into mechanical motion, such as hydraulic or pneumatic power, or other less common energy sources.
Distinct from sibling categories at the Section XVI level, which cover a vast array of machinery and mechanical appliances, 8412 focuses specifically on the motive power units themselves and their integral components. While other chapters might detail the machinery *driven by* these engines and motors, 8412 concerns the energy conversion devices. For instance, while Chapter 84 includes boilers (Chapter 8402) and internal combustion engines (Chapter 8407-8408), 8412 captures engines and motors powered by fluids (liquids or gases) or other power sources not specifically enumerated elsewhere.
Within this category, subheadings provide further granularity. **8412.10.00** specifically addresses reaction engines that are not turbojets, such as rocket engines. The crucial distinction lies in the method of propulsion. Following this are the broad classifications for hydraulic and pneumatic power engines and motors, which differentiate based on the working fluid used. Finally, **8412.80** covers any other engines and motors not otherwise specified within 8412, and **8412.90** is dedicated to the parts and accessories exclusively used with engines and motors falling under this heading, facilitating the classification of replacement components.