8102 - Molybdenum and articles thereof, including waste and scrap:

This HTS category, 8102, encompasses molybdenum and articles manufactured from this metal, including any waste and scrap generated during its production or use. Molybdenum is a refractory metal known for its high melting point, strength, and resistance to corrosion, making it valuable in various industrial applications. This heading covers pure molybdenum in all its forms (bars, rods, plates, wire, etc.) as well as articles that are predominantly made of molybdenum, such as alloys where molybdenum is the principal component, and manufactured goods like tools, electrodes, or components for high-temperature furnaces.

Distinguishing this category from its siblings is crucial for accurate classification. Unlike other base metals covered in Chapter 81, such as tungsten (8101), tantalum (8103), or cobalt (8105), HTS 8102 specifically pertains to molybdenum. Furthermore, this category is distinct from the precious metals (Chapter 71) or more common base metals like iron and steel (Chapters 72-83) or copper (Chapter 74). The defining characteristic for classification under 8102 is the presence of molybdenum as the primary constituent material.

Within HTS 8102, the primary subdivision is between powders and "other" forms. The distinction lies in the physical state of the molybdenum. Molybdenum powders, classified under 8102.10, are fine particles used in powder metallurgy or as a precursor material for further processing. All other forms of molybdenum and articles thereof, including solid bars, sheets, fabricated parts, and waste, fall under the "other" designation, allowing for the broad classification of a wide range of molybdenum-containing products that are not in powder form.