3204.11 - Disperse dyes and preparations based thereon:

This HTS category, 3204.11, specifically covers disperse dyes and preparations based thereon. Disperse dyes are a class of synthetic organic colorants that are sparingly soluble in water but can be applied from an aqueous dispersion. They are primarily used for dyeing synthetic fibers, most notably polyester, but also acetate and nylon. The "preparations based thereon" refer to mixtures or formulations of these dyes, often with additives to improve their application, stability, or performance characteristics.

Disperse dyes are distinguished from other synthetic organic coloring matter at this level by their solubility characteristics and intended application. Unlike acid dyes (3204.12) which are anionic and used for protein and polyamide fibers, or basic dyes (3204.13) which are cationic and used for acrylic fibers, disperse dyes are non-ionic and are applied to hydrophobic fibers where they are absorbed into the fiber matrix. This category is distinct from direct dyes (3204.14), which are water-soluble and applied to cellulosic fibers, and vat dyes (3204.15), which are insoluble in water and require reduction to become soluble for application.

Within the broader classification of synthetic organic coloring matter and preparations based thereon, the subcategories under 3204.11 provide further detail on specific disperse dyes and their compositions. These subcategories often list specific named dyes or describe formulations by their component percentages, aiding in precise identification and classification. For instance, some subcategories differentiate based on the presence of specific chemical structures or the precise ratio of components in a dye mixture, reflecting the nuanced nature of chemical classification for trade purposes.