2938 - Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives:

Category 2938 encompasses glycosides, which are compounds consisting of a sugar molecule linked to a non-sugar moiety (aglycone). This category includes both naturally occurring glycosides, such as those found in plants, and those that have been synthesized in a laboratory. The classification extends to various derivatives of these glycosides, including their salts, ethers, esters, and other chemically modified forms. These substances often possess significant biological activity and are utilized in pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and other specialized chemical applications.

As a classification within Chapter 29 (Organic Chemicals), category 2938 is distinct from other organic chemical classifications by its specific focus on the glycosidic linkage and the nature of the compound. Unlike broader categories of organic compounds based solely on functional groups or carbon backbone, 2938 requires the presence of a glycoside structure. It is also differentiated from naturally occurring unrefined plant extracts, which would likely fall under different chapters depending on their primary nature and processing level.

Within category 2938, the primary subcategories are defined by specific types of glycosides. For instance, 2938.10.00.00 specifically addresses Rutoside (Rutin) and its derivatives, a well-known flavonoid glycoside with antioxidant properties. The broader "Other" category, 2938.90.00.00, serves to capture all other glycosides, their salts, ethers, esters, and derivatives that do not fall under a more specific subheading. This hierarchical structure allows for precise classification based on the chemical identity and specific derivatives of the glycoside.