2918.16 - Gluconic acid, its salts and esters:

This HTS category, 2918.16, encompasses gluconic acid, its salts, and its esters. Gluconic acid is a mild organic acid that is a derivative of glucose. Its salts and esters are formed through chemical reactions with the acid group of gluconic acid, modifying its properties for various applications. These substances are typically found in a solid or liquid form and are distinguished by their specific chemical structures.

Within the broader group of carboxylic acids with alcohol functions, this category specifically isolates gluconic acid and its derivatives. It is distinct from sibling categories such as lactic acid (2918.11), tartaric acid (2918.12/2918.13), and citric acid (2918.14/2918.15), which cover different organic acids with hydroxyl groups. The classification hinges on the specific molecular backbone and functional groups present, differentiating gluconic acid based on its glucose-derived structure.

The subcategories under 2918.16 further refine the classification. "Gluconic acid" (2918.16.10.00) applies to the pure acid itself. The "Other" subheading (2918.16.50) is for the various salts (e.g., sodium gluconate, calcium gluconate) and esters of gluconic acid, which are distinguished by the cation or alcohol radical attached to the acid. This division allows for more precise tariff treatment based on whether the product is the parent acid or a derivative thereof.