2709.00 - Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude:

This HTS category, 2709.00, encompasses crude petroleum oils and oils derived from bituminous minerals in their raw, unrefined state. These substances are foundational to the global energy and petrochemical industries, serving as the primary source material for a vast array of refined products. Classification within this heading hinges on the material being unprocessed petroleum or bitumen-derived oil, meaning it has not undergone significant refining processes such as distillation or cracking.

Distinguishing this category from its siblings at the Chapter 27 level is crucial. While other headings within Chapter 27 cover refined petroleum products, waxes, or specific bituminous substances, 2709.00 is strictly reserved for the raw, naturally occurring forms. For instance, kerosene, gasoline, or lubricating oils would fall under different headings after their initial refinement from crude oil. Similarly, solid bituminous materials used for paving would be classified elsewhere.

The subcategories under 2709.00, such as 2709.00.10 (Testing under 25 degrees A.P.I.) and 2709.00.20 (Testing 25 degrees A.P.I. or more), further refine the classification based on a key physical characteristic: the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity. This measurement is a critical indicator of the density and potential yield of valuable lighter fractions from the crude oil, influencing its market value and suitability for different refining processes. Importers and exporters must accurately determine and report the API gravity to ensure correct classification and duty assessment.